大尺度水文模型的发展现状以及与气候模型耦合的可能性、挑战和出路.pptVIP

全球水文模型结果举例 全球水文模型结果举例 谢谢 * Why we need to have global models given the fact that many river systems are monitored? People know the important role of river systems from long ago as an integrated part of the global climate system. As such feed back to many geophysical, biochemical processes on local, regional and global scales. Not all of these feedback loops are yet sufficiently understood. Not only for flood and drought protection. So the best thing to do is to keep the record and solve all the problems in the future. Distribution of stations are quite uneven. Social economical Model: help us to understand the system, the feedbacks. To provide a consistent way of water recourse assessments. * Global water resources assessment and large scale water resources management w.r.t hydrological effects of landuse change, pollution and climate change over a large geographic domain, Improve the representation of hydrological processes in regional and global climate models. * * Explain nonlinear 1. Hydraulic engineering to ensure reliable water supply is now a worldwide phenomenon and central feature of the Global Water System. 2. Use Flow during floods and wet seasons during the low flow seasons unless storage systems are in place. That is why there are millions of artificial reservoirs, lakes, and ponds in the world and why most of the major rivers are Regulated. Total capacity of this artificial storage is estimated to 7200 km3 (10), about twice the annual water withdrawal. (top) In the United States and industrialized parts of the world, river regulation expanded rapidly during the 20th century, with much of the developing world awaiting such growth. (middle) Globally, engineered impoundments store on the order of 20–25% of continental runoff. (bottom) Water management has greatly modified natural flow regimes in many rivers,and such transformations have been nearly instantaneous from a global change perspective.While water engineering conveys important