恩施州土家族习俗调研报告材料.docVIP

恩施州土家族习俗调研报告材料 恩施州土家族习俗调研报告材料 恩施州土家族习俗调研报告材料 标准文案 恩施州土家族习俗调查报告 学院：税务学院 班级：注册税务师 2011 级 姓名 : 谭若讷 大全 标准文案 目录 土家族风俗·····················································1目录·······················································2正文···························································3一、土家族历史·············································3二、土家族文化·············································3白虎崇拜···············································3民歌···················································3 “毛古斯”舞············································4 “西兰卡普”·············································4女儿会·················································4冬科喹·················································5薅草锣鼓···············································5南剧···················································6跳丧舞·················································6 三、土家族婚俗·············································7四、土家族宗教·············································7五、土家族习俗·············································7六、土家族禁忌·············································7七、土家族习俗调查问卷· ····································8 八、问卷结果分析···········································11 九、土家族传统习俗变迁衰落的正负影响· ························· 12 十、对土家族传统习俗开发于保护的几点建议· ··················13 大全 标准文案 正文 一、土家族历史 土家族是中华大家庭中的一员，具有悠久的历史和发达的文化。早在二千多年前，在 湘西、 鄂西就出现了他们的身影。在此后的漫长岁月里， 土家族以起勤劳和智慧， 铸造了丰 富多彩的民族文化。 土家族自称“毕兹卡” ，湖南西北部、湖北西南部、重庆西南部、贵州东北部等地为其 主要聚居区。 在漫长的发展历史中，土家族的发展可分为四个时期 ：郡县制时期（秦至隋）——羁 縻州县制时期 （唐宋时期） ——土司制度时期 （元明至清初） ——改土归流时期 （清代中晚） 。 在我国历史上的很长一段时间内， 土家族没有确定的族称， 不过由于其历史渊源、 居住 地、白虎图腾等，被人们称呼为“廪君种” 、“巴郡南郡蛮” 、“白虎夷”等，从中也可见古代 汉人对土家族的偏见。到了明末清楚，大量汉人迁入土家族地区， 为了区别于汉族，才出现 了土家族这个族称。 在 1956 年 10 月，土家族被国务院正式确认为单一的少数民族，土家族野得以正式成为 56 个少数民族的一员。 二、土家族文化 白虎崇拜 土家族自称是“白虎之后” ，可见白虎在其心目中的地位。故老相传，土家五姓部落首 领巴务——廪君带领族人乘船到达盐阳， 杀死邪恶的盐水女神， 让族人在此安居乐业。 廪君 去世后，灵魂化为白虎升天 。此后土家族奉白虎为祖神，家家都需常年供奉。 除了虔诚的宗教式敬祭，白虎的影子出现在土家族生活的每一个地方。土家族先民在 战争中所持武器均有白虎花纹。现今土家族也用白虎来驱邪、避灾。 民歌 薅秧、锄草、薅草，放牛、相爱、出嫁、死人、石工、扛工、土工、船工等，在土家 大全 标准文案 族都有相应的民歌或者号子。 土家人有自己的语言。 “