大学英语四六级提分技巧--英语四级语法之句子成分.docxVIP

英语四级语法之句子成分 句子六大成分：主谓宾、定状表 主语、宾语和表语：通常由代词或者名词构成;定语：修饰名词;状语：修饰形容词或者动词; 表语：接在系动词后面; (一).代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。 1人称代词：第一、二、三人称，主格、宾格、所有格; I,you ,he,she, it, me, you, him, her, it, my, your, his, her, its. 2 物主代词 ①形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, our, their，后面加名词; ②名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs，后面不能加名词。 eg: May I borrow your pen? Mine is missing. 3反身代词：通过反身代词指代主语，使动作发出者把动作在形式上反射到发出者本人。强调人称问题。 eg：I myself took Mary to the airport. I cooked it myself. 4. 指示代词：this, that, these, those 5. 不定代词：some，someone，something，any，anyone，anything，no，no one，nothing，all，both，neither，either，each，every，everybody，everyone，everything. 一些比较重要的不定代词之间的区别： (1)all, each, every： ① all和every可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物;all可以表示所有东西的总和，是一个不可分割的整体; each只能表示两个或两个以上的人，侧重个体; ② all和every侧重整体，each侧重个体; eg：Every staff of the university contributed to the fund. Two girls came, and I gave an apple to each. (2)everyoneevery one everyone等同于everybody，all people ，指的是所有的人; eg：Everyone thinks they have the right to be here. every one既可以指人，也可以指物，强调一个个体，通常用every one of ; eg：Every one of us has faults and shortcomings. Every one of the films we have shown this year has been a succes. (3)no onenone no one 只能指人，none既可以指人，也可以指物，none后面还可以接of; eg：No one failed the examination. None of the students failed the examination. 6. it 的用法 (1)指代人，通常用于 \o 更多口语内容 \t /new/p1357145/_blank 口语中; (2)书面语： ① it 用来指代时间、距离、温度、天气等 eg：It’s three years since I saw him. ② it 用来前指或者后指 eg：I’ve lost my book. Where is it? There is no doubt about it that he was a fine teacher. ③ it 做形式主语 eg：Is it possible to learn typewriting very quickly? ④ it 做形式宾语，通常放在谓语动词和宾语补足语(形容词)之间，真正的宾语放在宾补之后 常见动词有：feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard eg：She thinks it no use telling me. He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan. ⑤ it 用于强调句，构成句型It’s…that/who… 如何区分强调句中的it和形式主语中的it? eg：It’s clear that they have won. 如果It’s和that去掉后，剩下的部分依然能构成完整的句子，就是强调句;否则，即为形式主语。 (二)名词 1. 可数名词 有单复数之分，若名词为单数，通常前面要加冠词a/an、the进行限定;若名词为复数，可以加上