现在完成时和过去完成时语法精讲.pdfVIP

现在完成时 1. 定义 ：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。 2. 构成 ：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 + 其它 . 3. 否定句 ：主语 + have/has + not + 动词的过去分词 + 其它 . 4. 疑问句 : have/has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + 其它 5. 用法（四种）： （1） 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例句： I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. （过去的 时间收到一封信，接下来可能会提到信上的内容，说明收到信的这个动作对 现在有影响。） 翻译： 我已经通过驾照考试并拿到了驾照了。 I have passed the driving exam and got a driving license. （2 ） 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能持续下去。 例句： He has been there for six months. 翻译： 我已经学了六年的英语了。 I have studied English for six years. （3 ） 在时间或者条件状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。 例句： Tim will not be so excited if he has been to Australia before. 翻译： 我忙完工作就去图书馆找你。 I will see you in the library as soon as I have finished my work. （4 ） It has been + 一段时间 +since 从句（从句是用一般过去时） 。 例句： It has been six months since Tim went to Australia. 翻译 ：玛丽生病到现在已经三天了。 It has been three days since Mary was ill. 练一练： 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________whats happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、 I_______ a letter from him since he left ．（天津市） A ．didnt receive B ．havent got C ．didnt have D ．havent heard 3、— Where have you _______ these days — I have_____ to Dazhu with my friends ． A．been ；gone B ．been；been C ．gone ；been D ．gone ；gone 4、Have you met Mr Li ______ ？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 5、His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 6、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 6. 现在完成时的标志 （1） 以 already, just ，ever ，never 和 yet 为标志 Already 表示“已经”。用在陈述句中，放在 have/has 之后，有时 也放在句末。 Already 也可用语疑问句中，但通常放在句末 , 表示希望 得到肯定的回答或者表示诧异。 Just