定语从句的概述、写法和分类- 高三英语一轮复习素材.docVIP

定语从句的概述、写法和分类 高考英语语法总复习 定语从句的概述、写法 一、定语从句的概述： 一个句子作定语，用来修饰限定名词。例如： Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. 全句为主句，discipline名词，用which encourages responsible judgment.修饰。 注意：定语从句可以修饰所有名词。被修饰的名词称为先行词，因为定语从句所修饰的名词一定放在从句前面，用关系词连接，且关系词与先行词是同等的。例如上面的句子可分解为：Law is a discipline. A discipline encourages responsible judgment.若将两句话构建成一句话，那么出现有重复的名词，在英语中我们就用一定的词来替换有重复的词。如是替换人则用who，替换物则用which。用来替换的关系词是要作句子成分的，故一定一定不能省略。 二、定语从句的写法 先行词n. + 关系词 + 陈述句（定语从句） 关系词选择看先行词是表示什么。 注意：whom是专门作宾语的。先行词是事/物，关系词选择which/that Teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual,and physical changes that young adults experience. changes先行词（表示的是变化这件“事”）故用了that Furthermore,the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. events先行词（表示事件）用which修饰。 2、先行词是人，关系词选择who/whom/that who/that只要是指人，都能通用，但是whom只能用做宾语。 Most archaeological sites,however,are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. archaeologists（先行词表示人的）故用who作关系词。 Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. Retailers（先行词表示人物的）用that作关系词。that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe陈述句作从句。 3、先行词是人/物，表示人或物的所有关系（即XX的），关系词选择whose。 On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference,at some basic level,seems to be the natural world. 这个句子倒装过的，顺序排列应该是：Various fantasy elements are on display here... 之所以倒装是因为后面有定语从句修饰various fantasy elements，如果按顺序排列的话使句子看起来头重脚轻。“这些元素的参考”XX的所以用whose关系词。 This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. 4、先行词是时间，关系词选择when It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. 5、先行词是地点，关系词选择where In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. 6、先行词是原因，关系词选择why The other reas