汞暴露导致秀丽线虫后代中出现可传递的表型和行为缺陷.doc

汞暴露导致秀丽线虫后代中出现可传递的表型和行为缺陷 【摘要】 目的：研究汞暴露秀丽线虫表型和行为缺陷在后代中的可传递特性。方法：寿命、身体尺寸、身体弯曲频率、头部摆动频率和化学趋向可塑性用于汞急性毒害评价,并进一步分析表型和行为缺陷从汞暴露的当代到后代的可传递特性。结果：汞暴露能够引起包括寿命、身体尺寸、身体弯曲频率、头部摆动频率和化学趋向可塑性等参数在内的多重生物学缺陷,且其毒害与所暴露汞浓度之间密切相关。大部分毒害能够从暴露线虫当代传递给后代。汞暴露对线虫后代寿命的毒害不能够明显恢复。汞暴露线虫后代身体尺寸的缺陷甚至比当代更为严重。此外,高浓度汞暴露通常导致非常纤细的线虫动物出现,且在后代中可观察到更多具有这种表型的线虫。汞暴露导致的线虫身体弯曲和头部摆动频率缺陷在后代中可以大部分或者完全恢复。尽管化学趋向可塑性在汞暴露线虫后代中能够部分恢复,但是化学趋向可塑性仍受到严重的破坏。结论：汞暴露引起的多重生物学毒害可以从暴露当代传递给它们的后代,并且在后代中出现的一些缺陷甚至比当代更为严重。 【关键词】 汞暴露; 多重毒性; 可传递性; 表型; 行为; 秀丽线虫 Mercury(Hg) is a hazardous heavy metal, which could be released into the environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources of Hg include volcanic emissions, volatilization from the ocean, and degassing from soil. Use of Hg in industrial such as the manufacture of plastic, chlorine, caustic soda, caustic potash and antifouling paint, is the major anthropogenic sources. Use of Hg in agriculture such as fossil fuel burning, base metal smelting, waste incinerators and Hg based fungicides are other important input sources of Hg in the environments[1]. In addition, there is a high potential for Hg bioaccumulation and biomagnification in different organisms. The levels of Hg in some commercial fish in New Jersey were detected in the range known to cause some sublethal effects in sensitive predatory birds and mammals[2]. High levels of Hg content were also found in commercial pelagic fish in the Western Indian Ocean, and large fish can naturally bioaccumulate Hg[1]. Especially, in the summer of 2 000, Hg spills were discovered in the basements of some Chicagoarea homes after removal of gas regulators by gas company contractors[3]. The risk of residential Hg contamination after gas regulator removal ranged from 0.9/1 000 to 4.3/1 000 homes[3]. So far, Hg has been considered as one of the most serious environmental contamination threats to human, fish and wildlife of the global. 　　Mice, rodents, fish, birds and some other mammals have ever been used as models to evaluate