英语国家概况(澳大利亚)(课堂PPT).ppt

Chapter 16Australia;Geography;Location Size;Geographic Region;Mount Kosciuszko(科修斯科山);Murray-Darling Basin(墨累达令流域);Lake Eyre(艾尔湖);Climate ;Climate; Canberra: Between Sydney and Melbourn. The name Canberra originally means meeting place in the Aboriginal language Sydney: the capital city of New South Wales; Australias largest and oldst city. Melbourne: the capital city of Victoria; Australias second largest city Brisbane: the capital of Queenland; Australias third largest city ;History;Early History;Major Cities;Fires Tick Farming;Discovery and exploration;Exploration: 1.Development:During the 17th century,the Dutch chartered the whole of the western and northern coastline.But with the increasing knowledge of the continent,no further detailed exploration. 2.Capture:the English captain,James Cook,named the eastern coast of Australian New South Wales and formally claimed it for Britain.;European Settlement;Penal Settlements 1783: the American Revolution ended and Australia was established as a new penal settlement at Botany Bay in Australia. Difficulty initial failures in farming. Solution captain john Macarthur began breeding fine merino sheep for their wool. ;First permanent colony The group found the Botany Bay is an unsuitable choice, so they moved north to Sydney on January 26, 1788, a date now celebrated as Australia day. Here, Phillip established Britain’s first permanent colony. New colonies: Hobart in Tasmania (1804) Brisbane at Moreton Bay (1824) Albany in Western Australia (1826) ;Colonization;The Road Toward Federation;Australia in the 20th Century;WWI: disaster to Australia a: 1. Follow Britain into the war in August at 1914 2. Total Australian men—3 million;330,000 volunteered to the war b: Nationalist Party was resigned and subsequently founded by William Hughes c: 1. ANZA