融资约束与国际贸易发展的关系和现状.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 15 融资约束与国际贸易发展的关系和现状 摘要：金融被誉为是经济的核心，国际贸易更被称为是经济发展的“发动机”，可见这两者对经济的作用都是举足轻重的。作为经济的两个重要组成部分他们在各自的领域已经被学者们长期深入研究了，近年来也开始有一些学者对两者的联系进行了研究。但是金融约束作为金融对出口贸易发展的影响的一个方面却直到最近才受到学者们的单独注意。本文在文章的前半部分讨论了金融约束对国际贸易发展的影响机制，通过外贸企业、国际贸易二元边际发展、产品结构和国际竞争力四方面阐述了金融约束如何对出口贸易产生影响，后半部分通过一些数据对中国外贸企业为何受到金融约束较严重的原因进行阐述。最后进行总结并对企业、银行和政府提出建议。 关键词：国际贸易、金融约束、企业异质性、所有制、信贷歧视 The Relationship Between Financa Constraints and the Development of Internatianal Trade Abstract: Hailed as finance is the core of the economy.International trade is called the engine of economic growth. It is obvious that the role of both in economic development is very important. This two part of the economic have been researched deeply in their own respective fields by scholars for quite a long time.In recent years some scholars has begun to studied the link between them.But as part of the financial impact on the development of international trade,the relationship between financial restriction and international trade has not received attention by from scholars until recent time.In this paper ,the first part discusses how do the financial constraints influence the development of international trade.I state this trough international trade companies, expansion model of international trade, product structure and international competitiveness three aspects.In the second part,i explain why the Chinese international trade enterprises suffer from more sever financial constraints by some data.Last comes to the summary.I also offered some proposals to enterprises,bank and the government. Keywords: International trade,financial constraint,firm heterogeneity,credit discrimination,ownership 一、引言 国际贸易是指跨国境的货品和服务贸易，一般由出口贸易和进口贸易组成，从一个国家或者地区的角度来看，即对外贸易。国际贸易的发展主要从国际贸易结构的改善，国际贸易规模的扩大和国际贸易竞争力的增强来进行评论。国际贸结构分为国际贸易的商品类型结构和地域结构。国际贸易规模通过国际进出口总额来衡量。国际贸易竞争力则通过一国进出口的商品质量，占有国际市场份额的多少等来体现。 自1978年改革开放以来我国经济发展迅速，金融政策的和贸易政策的深化改革更为中国的经济带来了活力。金融作为经济的核心不论在效率或规模上都有明显的发展，社会融资规模从2002年的20112亿元发展到2013年的173168亿元，十年间长了8倍。国际贸易在经济的发展中也占有很大比重，进出口总额从1978年的355亿