国际经济学课件chapter9nontariff barriers to imports.pptxVIP

Chapter 9 Nontariff Barriers to Imports;Chapter organization;;Three major purposes;Types of nontariff barriers to imports;;;;The import quota（进口配额）;;;330;;;Ways to Allocate Import Licenses;;;;;;;Voluntary Export Restraint (VER)自愿出口限制;;;;日美汽车贸易中的“自愿出口限制”;日美汽车贸易中的“自愿出口限制”;日美汽车贸易中的“自愿出口限制”;;;330;Other nontariff barriers;1 Product standards;;;2 Domestic content requirements;;3 Government procurement;3 Government procurement;How big are the cost of protection?;Who: tariff success and new challenges;American’s “section 301”:unilateral pressure