家禽学家禽营养.pptVIP

Feeding and nutrition of Avian Species Fang Rejun (PhD/Prof.) OBJECTIVES To describe the major nutritional requirement of poultry. To briefly discuss specific aspects of nutrition of waterfowl, game birds, and exotic birds To describe some of the major nutritional problems encountered in the poultry industry Energy requirements ME system is generally used (TDN in N. America) Requirements depend on: maintenance (sometimes includes walking, eating) (Calculate requirement and efficiency of ME use for maintenance, Km) Approx. 300 W 0.75/km to combat environmental extremes deposition of tissue energy (Requirement x Km) energy costs of deposition of protein, fat require knowledge of composition of gain Energy budgets Although the energy in the gain at any stage of growth is lower in a food-restricted animal, the animal takes longer to reach a given weight. Maintenance energy is therefore required over a longer period Broiler requirements Broiler requirements for ME are affected by current liveweight (W) mean daily temperature (T, °C) liveweight gain (G, g/d) ME requirement (kJ/d) = 6.78 W0.653 [1 + 0.0125(21-T) +13.1G] For restricted feeding, replace 6.78 with 6.57 to ‘allow for lower maintenance requirement’. Environment Heat and cold Nutrient density - dilution If energy and nutrients in a ‘balanced’ diet are diluted out with indigestible filler (cellulose powder, sand), ME intake will intake. Control of feed intake Composition of the hen egg External Quality of eggs Cleanliness: dirty egg 2%. Shell integrity: cracked 2% Evenness Thickness Colour consistency Internal Quality of Eggs Albumin quality is the most important factor influencing internal quality of eggs. Measured by Haugh Unit (HU) HU = 90 excellent quality HU = 80 very good HU = 70 good HU = 60 Reasonable HU 60 Poor. Eggs deteriorate by 0.3 HU/wk in cold, but up to 7 times faster under conventional storage depending on temperature and humidity. Haugh Unit Factors affectin