公共课英语一模拟题2020年(115).pdfVIP

公共课英语一模拟题2020 年(115) (总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟) 阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：100.00) Across the western United States alone, trout (a kind of fish) fishing generates hundreds of millions of dollars annually. But trout habitat will likely be cut in half by 2080 due to warming rivers and altered patterns of flooding, according to a large study published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Its fairly shocking to us, as biologists, says co-author Kurt Fausch of Colorado State University, Fort Collins. This is not a case of winners and losers; the four species examined by the team are all likely to decline to varying degrees. By running several climate models and plugging in data on habitat characteristics and fish present at 9,890 locations in the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin, the team of scientists created predictions for trout habitat across more than 1 million square kilometers of the western United States. They factored physical aspects of habitat—water temperature, patterns of flooding—as well as competition among species. Heres what the study concludes about the future of trout: Increases in water temperature will restrict their range, but rainbow trout dodge a bullet. Climate change will mean more frequent and intense winter floods, which can scour away eggs laid in the fall, but rainbow trout spawn in the spring. The size of their habitat is predicted to decline by 35%. Smaller than rainbow trout, brown trout are the most temperature tolerant among the four species and like warmer temperatures. They have the ill fortune to spawn in the fall, so the increased flooding will make many streams inhospitable. Their habitat is predicted to decline by 48%. As to cutthroat trout, the range of these native fish has already shrunk by more than 85% due to competition from introduced species. Two subspecies have already gone extinct. Wanning temperatures and continued competition prima