新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册unit6课文及翻译(a+b篇).pdfVIP

TEXT A Door closer, are you? “关门者”，你是吗？ 1 The next time youre deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do? 下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题： 项羽会怎么做？ 2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the pots crushed and their sailing ships burned. 项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河，突袭进入了敌方 的领地。他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。 3 He explainedthathe was imposing on them a necessityfor attainingvictoryover their opponents. What he said was surelymotivating, but it wasnt really appreciated by many of his convictionwould be validatedboth on thebattlefieldand inmodern socialscienceresearch. his many conquests and who achieved the summit of success. 他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气，但当他那 许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，他们并不赞成他的做法。不过 项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到 肯定。项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，他是一位经验丰富的领袖，由于他征战无数 并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。 investigation of seemingly irrational human behavior, such as the tendency for keeping multiple optionsopen.Most peoplecantmarshalthewillforpainfulchoices,not even studentsatthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where Dr. Ariely teaches behavioral economics. In an experimentthatinvestigateddecision-making,hundredsof studentscouldntbearto lettheir options vanish, even though it was clear they would profit from doing so. 丹 ·阿雷利极富启迪性的新书《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。这本书对看似非理 性的人类行为，譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向，进行了引人入胜的调查。大多数人 都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择，麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门课的学 生也不例外。在调查作决策的一项实验中，几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们的选择机 会消失，即使他们很清楚这样做对他们有利。 5 The experimentrevolvedaround a game thateliminatedthe excuseswe usuallyhave for good example? A teenager is exhausted from soccer, ballet, piano, and Chinese lessons, but her parents wont stop any one of them because they might come in handy some day! 实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的，这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。在现实世界里， 1 我们总会说：“保留我们的选择机会是对的。”想要一个好的例子吗？一个十多岁的女孩被足 球、芭蕾舞、