系统解剖学骨连接总论.pptx

Classification of joints;1 Fibrous joints united by fibrous tissue interosseous membrane Ligament : band ;2 cartilaginous joints, articulating bones are united by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. ;3 Synosteosis articulating bones are united by bone;;(1) Articular surface is osculatory surface of united bone. It is smooth and is covered by articular cartilage in the living body. The types and ranges of the movement of a joint depend on the shape of the articular surface.;(2) Articular capsule is attached to the edge of the articular surface. It is composed of fibrous layer and synovial layer. Fibrous layer is dense connective tissue with rich in blood vessels and nerve. Its thickness is related to the range of movement of a joint. Synovial layer is lined with fibrous layer and is very thin, glistening and slippery. It secrets synovial fluid that fills the cavity and lubricates the joint. ;(3) Articular cavity is a closed cavity formed by the articular cartilage and synovial membrane. Synovial fluid. ;ligament;Accessory structures;articular disc ; Articular labrum ;synovial fold滑膜襞 Synovial membrane protrude cavity to form synovial sac. ;1 translation means sliding 2 Flexion /extension (屈和伸） increasing/decreasing the angle between body parts 3 Adduction and abduction（内收/外展）: abduction means moving away from the median plane; Adduction means moving toward the median plane. 4 Rotation: means moving a part of body around its long axis. Medial rotation turns the anterior surface medially and lateral rotation turns this surface laterally. 5 circumduction is the circular movement of the limbs, combining in sequence the movements of flexion, abduction extension, and adduction.