成果课件新建微生物chapter6growth b.pptxVIP

temperature oxygen requirements pH electromagnetic radiation barometric pressure大气压力;3 cardinal temperatures;3 temperature adaptation groups;Dr. Qin LUO;;1. Obligate aerobes are completely dependent on atmospheric O2 for growth (专性好氧菌) 2. Facultative anaerobes do not require O2 for growth, but do grow better in its presence (兼性厌氧菌) 3. Aerotolerant anaerobes ignore O2 and grow equally well whether it is present or not (耐氧的厌氧菌) 4. Obligate (strict) anaerobes do not tolerate O2 and die in its presence (绝对厌氧菌) 5. Microaerophiles are damaged by the normal atmospheric level of O2 (20%) but require lower levels (2 to 10%) for growth (微好氧菌 );Foundations, P202;Brock, P145;;;electromagnetic Radiation;barometric pressure大气压力 a. Barotolerant organisms耐压生物 are adversely affected by increased pressure, but not as severely as are nontolerant organisms b. Barophilic嗜压的organisms require, or grow more rapidly in the presence of, increased pressure;6.3 Microbial associations;Microbial associations;Brock, P727;Commensalism;Microbial associations;Cellulomonas breaks down the cellulose left by dead plants and releases glucose. Azotobacter uses this glucose to derive energy and fixes atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium. This fixed nitrogen is taken up by Cellulomonas and feeds its metabolism, and thus continues this cross feeding.;6.4.1. The way microorganisms grow;Dr. Qin LUO;- Generation or doubling time is the period that microorganisms take for the cells in the population to double;No = number of bacteria at beginning of time interval. Nt = number of bacteria at end of any interval of time (t). G = generation time T = time , usually expressed in minutes n = number of generation;Growth Curve - usually analyzed in a closed system called a batch一批culture; usually plotted as the logarithm of cell number versus the incubation time;Growth curve;6.4.2. Measurement of microbial growth;Direct Measurements of Microbial Growth;;Electronic counting;Dr. Qin LUO;c) Microbial numbers are frequently