初三被动语态专项复习.docxVIP

被动语态专项复习 一、 含义：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。如果主语是动词的执行者，则使 用 语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用 语态。 主动语态变被动语态 主动语态： The boy broke the window yesterday. 动作执行者 动词主动形式 动作承受者 被动语态： The window was broken by the boy yesterday. 动作承受者 动词被动形式 动作执行者 构成： (1)肯定句：主语+be +过去分词(+by…) 英语被许多人说。 English many people. ⑵ 否定句：主语+be not+过去分词(+by…) 这条路不经常被使用。 This road very often. ⑶一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词(+by…)? 那座桥是被建在长江上吗？ that bridge over the Changjiang River? (4)特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be+主语+过去分词(+by…)? 电话是什么时候被发明的？the telephone ? 4.注意人称，时态和数的变化。 时态 主动语态 被动语态结构 一般现在时 give/gives 一般过去时 gave 一般将来时 shall/will give 被动语态(二) 二、被动语态的特殊情况 I .动词(表示主语的属性特征)+ 副词：(well/badly/easily ??-),当他们与相应的副词连用的时候 用主动表被动。此类动词有： write, sell, clean, wash等词做不及物动词时，如： The book sells well. (1)这种食物尝起来好卖的也好 .This food tastes and well. ⑵ 这支笔写的很糟/流畅.This pen badly/smoothly. ⑶ 这家商店八点营业.The shop at 8a.m. n . want/need+ doing 相当于 want/need+ to be done 你的衣服需要洗。 Your clothes need. =Your clothes need. in .在be worth doing 中，doing表被动意义 This book is worth. (read) This stamp is worth. (collect) see, hear, make 等动词后作宾补的不定式都不带 to ;但改成被动语态后必须带 to。 The boss made him work all day. He all day (by the boss). I often hear her sing this song. She often this song (by me). 动词短语变为被动语态时，不能丢掉动词后的介词或副词。 She takes care of the baby every day. The baby by her every day. People should speak to the old politely. The old politely by people. ( )This dictionary mustn t the library. A. take away B. be taken away C. be taken away from 用于词组的被动语态.常用于表示”据说”或”相信”，如： It is said that...( 据说...) It is reported that ??-(据报道...) It is well-known that ??-(众所周知) 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时 (1) He told us a story. were a story by. ⑵用介词to或for引导 He told us a story. told us by him. Her mother gave her a new pen. A new pen her by her mother. 注意：填介词(to/for) explain/bring/give/lend/offer/pass/sell/send/show/take/teach/tell/write/return/serve sth sb. design/build/buy/cook/do/draw/make/order/choose/find/get/prepare sth sb. 不用于被动语态的情况： 不及物动词无被动语态.如： appear, die, end, fail, happen, sit, stand, come true, fall asleep, tak