语言学概论第十章Language Acquisition.ppt

Chapter 10 Language acquisition 名字。。。。。。 Definition: Language acquisition----refers to the child’s acquisition of his mother tongue, i.e. how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community. it refers to first language not second language acquision 精品资料 你怎么称呼老师？ 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ 教师的教鞭 “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……” “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……” Children all over the world learn to speak at about the same time unless they suffer from extreme external deficiency. How do children accomplish this? What enable children to learn words and string them together into meaningful sentence? What facilitate children to develop the grammatical system of their language? What help them to achieve the communicative competence using the language to express their various needs? Discussion!! differences between the term of acquisition and learning 语言习得：通常指在自然的语言环境中，通过旨在沟通意义的言语交际活动，不自觉地，自然地掌握或获得第一语言。典型的例子是儿童习得第一语言。 语言学习：通常指在学校环境下，有专门的教师指导，严格按照教学大纲和课本，通过讲解，练习，记忆等活动，有计划，有系统，有意识地对语言规则的掌握。典型的例子是成人在学校学习第二语言。 example: Mathematics？ the subject Mathematics is learned, not acquired. Three main theories of child language acquisition the behaviorist view 行为主义理论 the innatist view 语法积极天生主义理论 the interactionist view 互动主义理论 the focus of their debate is whether the innate ability or the language environment plays a crucial role in the process of a childs language acquisition. Three main different theories concerning how language is learned Behaviorist view Innatist view Interactionist view the behaviorist（行为主义论） proposed by B.F.Skinners(斯金纳) Traditional behaviorists view language as behavior and believe that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation. Imitation  Recognition  Reinforcement (gradually, habit-forming) A behaviorist view of language acquisition Children do not imitate adults’ speech in much the same way as parrots do, they imitate words selectively and according to t