ofdm原理复习过程.pptVIP

* 符号定时同步算法 基于循环前缀的同步 ：以Van de Beek的算法为代表 ，利用CP是OFDM符号末尾的复制这一特性，给出了时间偏移的最大似然估计 基于训练符号的同步： 用两个特殊结构的前导符号来做定时和频偏估计 联合循环前缀及导频的同步： 一个依赖CP和导频信号的最大似然估计算法 频率同步误差的影响 小数倍频偏：破坏子载波之间的正交性，引入了ICI，也会造成系统性能的下降 整数倍频偏：虽然不会破坏子载波之间的正交性，但是引起OFDM信号的频谱结构错位，导致接收机恢复的数据码元序列的循环移位和相位旋转 频率误差造成OFDM系统产生载波间干扰 * 频偏估计算法 数据辅助(data-aided)估计，即基于训练符号,这类算法的优点是捕获快、精度高，适合分组数据通信，缺点是由于插入训练符号而带来的资源浪费。具体的实现是在分组数据包的包头加一个前导符号，专门用来做定时、频偏估计。 非数据辅助(non-data-aided)估计，即盲估计，它利用OFDM信号的结构，例如，循环前缀使OFDM的前端和后端有一定的相关性、利用虚子载波来做估计以及利用数据经过成形滤波之后的循环平稳特性等方法来做估计。盲估计的最大优点是避免由于插入导频符号而带来的资源浪费，缺点是为了获得高精度需要几十个甚至上百个OFDM符号，捕获时间长 。 * 峰均功率比Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) OFDM suffers from high PAPR defined as, Maximum PAPR of an N sub-carrier OFDM signal * * Example with 8 carriers and BPSK modulation * For an OFDM system with N sub-carriers, an oversampling rate of L can be achieved by inserting (L－1)·N zeros in the middle of the modulated symbol vector to form a 1×LN data vector X, i.e. The PAPR computed from the L-times oversampled time-domain signal samples is given by PAPR in discrete-time case * The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the PAPR is one of the most frequently used performance measures for PAPR reduction techniques. In the literature, the complementary CDF (CCDF) is commonly used instead of the CDF itself. The CCDF of the PAPR denotes the probability that the PAPR of a data block exceeds a given threshold. From the central limit theorem, the real and imaginary parts of the time domain signal samples follow Gaussian distributions, assuming each distribution with a mean of zero and a variance of 0.5 for a multicarrier signal with a large number of subcarriers. The CCDF of the PAPR * Hence, the amplitude of a multicarrier signal has a Rayleigh distribution, while the power distribution becomes a central chi-square distribution with two degrees of freedom. The CDF of the instantaneous power of a signal sample is given by The CCDF of the PAPR of a data block with Nyqu