2022年测绘工程专业英语课文翻译.pdfVIP

Unit 9 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors (随机误差记录学 基本分析) Random errors are those variables that remain after mistakes are detected and eliminated and all systematic errors have been removed or corrected from the measured values.(随机误差是在错误被察觉【detect 】和消除 【eliminate 】后,并且所有系统误差被从测量值中移除或修正后,保存 下那些变量【variable 变量、变化 n. 】) They are beyond the control of the observer.(它们是观测者无法控制) So the random errors are errors the occurrence of which does not follow a deterministic pattern.( 因 而 随 机 误 差 是 不 遵 循 某 个 拟 定 性 【deterministic 拟定性】模式【pattern 】而发生误差) In mathematical statistics, they are considered as stochastic variables, and despite their irregular behavior, the study of random errors in any well- conducted measuring process or experiment has indicated that random errors follow the following empirical rules:(在数理记录【mathematical statistics 】中,它们被当成随机变量【stochastic variable 】,尽管它们行 为无规律,在任一对的【well-conducted 原意为品行端正,这里指测量实 验和活动是无误】测量活动和实验中 ,对随机误差研究显示 【indicate 】随机误差遵循如下经验法则【empirical rule 】:) ⑴A random error will not exceed a certain amount.( 随后误差不会超过 一种拟定值) ⑵ Positive and negative random errors may occur at the same frequency.(正负误差浮现频率相似) ⑶Errors that are small in magnitude are more likely to occur than those that are larger in magnitude.(误差数值【magnitude 量值、大小】小比 数值大误差浮现也许性大【be likely to 也许】) ⑷The mean of random errors tends to zero as the sample size tends to infinite.(当【as 】样本大小【sample size 】趋近于无穷【infinite 】时, 随机误差平均值趋近于 0) In mathematical statistics, random errors follow statistical behavioral laws such as the laws of probability.(在数理记录中,随机误差遵循记录学 【statistical 】行为【behavioral 行为】规律,如概率法则) A characteristic theoretical pattern of error distribution occurs upon analysis of a large number of repeated measurements of a quantity, which conform to normal or Gaussian distribution.(发生在一种量大量重复观测 分析【analysisn. 】中误差分布一种特性理论模式,遵循【conform