Politenessprinciple分析和总结分析和总结.pdfVIP

In 1967, H. P. Grice, American philosopher and linguist, proposed the Cooperative Principle (abbrev. CP) in William James lecture delivered at Harvard University. He thought that in order to make the conversation go on, we should obey some basic principles, especially “Cooperative Principle ”. This new theory brings about a great development in the concept of conversational implicature, and has been attached great attention to in the linguistic circle. Some critics set such high value upon the notion that they regard it as a breakthrough in pragmatics. However, Geoffrey N. Leech, the famous British linguist, considered that “ sufficient to explain ‘(1) why people are often so indirect in conveying what they mean; and (2) what is the relation between sense and force when non-declarative types of sentences are being considered. ’” [3] In 1983, Leech proposed Politeness Principle (abbrev. PP) so as to rescue the CP from serious trouble. Leech believes the main reason that why people violate Cooperative Principle intently is the consideration of politeness. the cooperative principle describes how people interact with one another. As phrased by Paul Grice , who introduced it, it states, Make your contribution such as it is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. Though phrased as a prescriptive command, the principle is intended as a description of how people normally behave in conversation. The cooperative principle can be divided into four maxims, called the Gricean maxims , Maxim of Quality Be Truthful ? Do not say what you believe to be false ? Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence. Maxim of Quantity Quantity of Information ? Make your contribution a