华法林治疗指南.ppt

华法林治疗指南;一、药理学;作用机制 ;作用机制;华法林的药化结构;令人惊奇的华法林对映体间的相互作用;药代动力学;1、我们的市场行为主要的导向因素，第一个是市场需求的导向，第二个是技术进步的导向，第三大导向是竞争对手的行为导向。 2、市场销售中最重要的字就是“问”。 3、现今，每个人都在谈论着创意，坦白讲，我害怕我们会假创意之名犯下一切过失。 4、在购买时，你可以用任何语言；但在销售时，你必须使用购买者的语言。 5、市场营销观念：目标市场，顾客需求，协调市场营销，通过满足消费者需求来创造利润。**** 6、我就像一个厨师，喜欢品尝食物。如果不好吃，我就不要它。***** 7、我总是站在顾客的角度看待即将推出的产品或服务，因为我就是顾客。*** 8、利人为利已的根基，市场营销上老是为自己着想，而不顾及到他人，他人也不会顾及你。**** ;影响药效的因素——遗传因素;Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase Tao Li1, Chun-Yun Chang1, Da-Yun Jin1, Pen-Jen Lin1, Anastasia Khvorova2 Darrel W. Stafford1 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA 2Dharmacon, Inc., 1376 Miners Drive 101, Lafayette, Colorado 80026, USA Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is the target of warfarin,the most widely prescribed anticoagulant for thromboembolic disorders. Although estimated to prevent twenty strokes perinduced bleeding episode1, warfarin is under-used because of the difficulty of controlling dosage and the fear of inducing bleeding. Although identified in 1974 (ref. 2), the enzyme has yet to be purified or its gene identified. A positional cloning approach has become possible after the mapping of warfarin resistance to rat chromosome 1 (ref. 3) and of vitamin K dependent protein deficiencies to the syntenic region of human chromosome 16 (ref. 4). Localization of VKOR to 190 genes within human chromosome 16p12-q21 narrowed the search to 13genes encoding candidate transmembrane proteins, and we used short interfering RNA (siRNA) pools against individual genes totest their ability to inhibit VKOR activity in human cells. Here,we report the identification of the gene for VKOR based on specific inhibition of VKOR activity by a single siRNA pool. We confirmed that MGC11276 messenger RNA encodes VKOR through its expression in insect cells and sensitivity to warfarin.The expressed enzyme is 163 amino acids long, with at least one transmembrane domain. Identification of