传感器的翻译.docxVIP

TrylingＤＰ．Ｂack to basics on proximity sensors[J].Ｅlectrical Ａpparatus，2000，53(11)：33-34． 4.1 Introduction In this chapter the most widely used sensor of all - the proximity switch - will be examined (Figure 4.1). Proximity switches are used to detect the presence of an object at a certain point in space. Alternative technologies such as laser ranging devices which could also be used for proximity sensing will not be discussed as these are covered in Chapter 3 (Distance Measurement) and are not in line with this chapters theme oflow cost object detection. There have been many applications for which it was assumed that sophisticated inspection techniques would be required but which on further analysis were soluble using a few low cost proximity sensors applied correctly. Sensors for Industrial Inspection It is easy to be blinded by technology and adopt a tunnel vision approach to automatic.inspection assuming that only a very expensive vision system can do the job when a small amount of lateral thinking can solve the problem for a fraction of the price. 4.1.1 Application Example As an example consider a biscuit inspection task in which the line is monitored for over-length biscuits that might jam up a packing machine further down the line. One approach is to employ a vision system that uses an area array CCD camera looking down at the biscuits and (after much image processing) determine the length of the biscuit. An alternative approach would be to use four fixed focus optical proximity sensors sited as shown in Figure 4.2 and focused to 3mm above the conveyor belt. If No.1 indicates no biscuit and sensors No.2, No.3 and No.4 all indicate biscuit then the alarm should sound. All other logical combinations indicate correct or undersized biscuits. This system could be readily implemented using either a simple PLC or relay logic. This technique is immune to changes in conveyor belt speed, biscuit colour and belt colour. Of course it could be argued that a vision