黑布林名著The Merchant of Venice-威尼斯商人导读 知识点归纳.docxVIP

威尼斯商人 The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeare 作者简介 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564-1616）是英国文艺复兴时期戏剧家和诗人。莎士比亚于1564年4月23日出生在英国中部斯特拉福德城一个富裕的市民家庭, 幼年在家乡的文法学校念过书, 学习拉丁文、文学和修辞学。后来家道中落，曾帮助父亲经商，1578年左右只身到伦敦谋生，据说从事过马夫或仆役一类当时被看作“最下等的职业”。后来当了演员和编剧，随着剧团到各地巡回演出，与社会各阶层的生活有比较广泛的接触。他在剧团里扮演过像《哈姆莱特》中的鬼魂之类的配角，也担任过导演，但主要是编写剧本，开始时不过是给旧剧本加工，逐渐由加工而改写,或自己创作.他后来成了剧团的股东，1613年左右从伦敦回到家乡，1616年4月23日逝世。 William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet and the Bard of Avon. His surviving works, including some collaboration, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. 　　Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlains Men, later known as the Kings Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeares private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others. 　　Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicom