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GMAT考试-2011年GMAT考试阅读材料17(附答案).docxVIP

GMAT考试-2011年GMAT考试阅读材料17(附答案).docx

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PAGE PAGE # GMAT考试:2011年GMAT考试阅读材 料17(附答案) 为了帮助广大考生更好的复习,帮考网综合整理提供了GMAT 考试:2011年GMAT考试阅读材料17(附答案),以供各位考生考试复习参考,希望对考生复习有所帮助。 Priorto1975,unioneffortstoorganizepublic-sectorclericalworkers,mostofwhomarewomen,weresomewhat limited.Thefactorsfavoringunionizationdrivesseemtohavebeeneitherthepreseneeoflargenumbersofworkers,asin NewYorkCity,tomakeitworththeeffort,ortheconcentrationofsmallnumbersinoneortwolocations,such asahospital,tomakeitrelativelyeasy. Receptivitytounionizationontheworkerspartwasalsoaconsideration,butwhentherewerelargenumbersinvoIvedortheclericalworkersweretheonlyunorganizedgroupina PAGE PAGE # jurisdiction,themulti-occupationalunionswouldoftentrytoorganizethemregardlessoftheworkersinitialreceptivity.Thestrategicreasoningwasbased,first,ontheconcernthat politiciansandadministratorsmightplayoff(tosetin oppositionforonesowngain从中渔利在…之间挑拨离间)unionizedagainstnon-unionizedworkers,and,second,ontheconvictionthatafullyunionizedpublicworkforcemeantpower,bothatthebargainingtableandinthelegislature.Inlocalitieswhereclericalworkerswerefewinnumber,werescatteredinseveralworkplaces,andexpressednointerestinbeingorganized,unionsmoreoftenthannotignoredtheminthepre-1975period. Butsineethemid-1970s,adifferentstrategyhasemerged.In1977,34percentofgovernmentclericalworkers wererepresentedbyalabororganization,comparedwith46 percentofgovernmentprofessionals,44percentof governmentblue-collarworkers,and41percentofgovernmentserviceworkers.Sincethen,however,thebiggestincreasesinpublic-sectorunionizationhavebeen amongclericalworkers.Between1977and1980,thenumber ofunionizedgovernmentworkersinblue-collarandserviceoccupationsincreasedonlyabout1.5percent,whileinthewhite-collaroccupationstheincreasewas20percentandamongclericalworkersinparticular,theincreasewas22percent. Whataccountsforthisupsurgeinunionizationamong clericalworkers?First,morewomenhaveenteredtheworkforceinthepastfewyears,andmoreofthemplantoremainworkinguntilretirementage.Consequently,theyare probablymoreconcernedthan

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