气管食管学8年制英文.ppt

Trachea diseases and esophagus diseases The Otolaryngology Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xiang Mingliang Anatomy of trachea and bronchus Trachea: in the middle of neck and thoracic cavity. 16-20 trachea rings in total, and 7-8 ring in the neck. Bronchus tree. The angle between the trachea and the bronchus: left45o, right25o carina of trachea: the end of trachea. A important mark in the bronchoscopy Anatomy of esophagus Muscular organ. Pipe in shape Inner layer: mucosa Middle layer: submucosal tissue external layer: muscle Physiological stenosis in esophagus 1）from upper incisor 16cm 2）from upper incisor 23cm 3）from upper incisor 27cm 4）from upper incisor 36cm Foreign body in trachea and bronchus Source：external、internal Classification of foreign body plant：peanut、seeds. animal：fishbone、bone pieces mineral：iron nail synthetic product: dental prosthesis 90% cases﹤5 years, 80% cases﹤ 3 years causes poorly chew function, poorly pharyngeal reflex unconscious，aspiration unhealthy habit: foreign body in mouth medical Factors associated with clinic presentation sorts：peanut，chemical bronchitis Size: Shape: Stay time: Stay site Infection or not: Presentation Inhaled period：cough，dyspnea Quiet period：no any symptom Infection period： cough，dyspnea, fever Complication period：atelectasis、 emphysema、lung infection diagnosis：history of foreign body，dyspnea、cough，disorder sign in X-ray X-ray： obstructive emphysema obstructive atelectasis ＣＴ scan：three-dimensional rebuild treatment： bronchoscopy Foreign body in esophagus cause More cases in old: poorly chew function, disesthesia of mouth, dental prosthesis More cases in children ：like to put toy in his mouth Eating too quick Stenosis or lump in esophagus suicide Sorts of foreign body animal：fishbone, bone pieces, meat lump metals：coin synthetic product: dental prosthesis plant：kernel Location of foreign body The first stenosi