组织胚胎学：免疫系统.ppt

腭扁桃体 Palatine tonsil 1.Crypt 2.stratified squamous epithelium 3.lymphoid nodules 4.diffuse lymphoid tissue 5. germinative center 6.capsule 7.mucous glands 扁桃体光镜像 扁桃体肿大（Adenoids） Summary The immune system comprises immune cells, lymphoid tissue, and lymphoid organs. The immune cells include lymphocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, phagocytes and APC. The cells are arranged into lymphoid system that is either discretely capsulated organs or accumulations of diffuse lymphoid tissue. The cells of immune system are able to distinguish what is “foreign” (i.e. non-self) from self, and destroy the “foreign” substances that could be real foreign invaders or changed self cells. By adaptive and innate immunity, the immune system protect us from attack by microbes, dead self cells and cancer cells. The effects of immune response may cause immunologic defence, immunologic homeostasis and immunologic surveillance in physiologically and hypersensitivity, autoimmune diseases, tumor and transplantation rejection in pathologically. Key points Organization and function of immune system Types,histological feature and functions of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells Organization of diffuse lymphatic tissues and lymphatic nodules Microstructure and functions of thymus,lymph node,spleen and tonsil 新雷 张维屏 造物无言却有情，每於寒尽觉春生； 千红万紫安排著，只待新雷第一声。 * 此外，还有一种 1.位于 T 细胞分布区 2.树突状细胞：核分叶，分枝状突起相互交错 3.周围有许多Th 细胞 4.细胞表面表达大量的 MHC-Ⅱ 类分子 5.提呈抗原给 T 细胞，并诱导其分裂分化或释 放淋巴因子，引起细胞免疫应答 交错突细胞（interdigitating cell） 1.被膜下窦 subcapsular sinus exist between the outer cortex and capsule, and receive lymph from the afferent lymph vessels. 2.小梁周窦 peritrabecullar sinus usually have blind ends and are parallel to trabeculae. The ones between deep cortex units are called thin channels（窄通道）, which communicate the medullary sinus. 皮质淋巴窦（cortical sinus） 淋巴结被膜下窦模式图 窦壁：扁平内皮细胞 薄层基质 少量网状纤维 一层扁平网状细胞 窦腔：星状内皮细胞