TED英文演说-COVID-19人类挑战试验是如何工作的——以及我为什么自愿参加中英文演讲稿.docx

第 第 PAGE 1 页 How COVID-19 human challenge trials work -- and why I volunteered 00:10 [Recorded on October 26, 2020. COVID-19 vaccine development and ethical considerations around human challenge trials are constantly evolving.] 00:17 In April 2020, I made what many perceive as a risky decision. I volunteered to be deliberately infected with COVID-19. This infection would be part of what is called a human challenge trial, where young, healthy people are given a vaccine and are deliberately exposed to the virus that causes COVID-19. These trials help researchers figure out more quickly if a vaccine is working. 00:43 I think this research is crucial, because today, Im going to speak to you for six minutes. In that time, roughly 1,250 people will be confirmed infected with COVID-19. Twenty-one people will die. And then this pattern will repeat hour after hour and day by day, until were able to vaccinate most of the eight billion people affected by this global crisis. 01:06 Scientists have been working around the clock to make those vaccines a reality. But what should we do when the human cost of waiting for those vaccines is rising by the day? This is where human challenge trials come in. Theyre different from the traditional phase three vaccine trials taking place now, where people are given a vaccine or placebo and asked to go about their everyday lives. Here, researchers have to wait to see how many people in each group become infected. Until enough of them get sick, we dont have enough data to know whether a vaccine is working. 01:39 Finding an effective vaccine with this method can take months or sometimes years, and it requires thousands of volunteers. A challenge trial works faster because researchers control exposure, instead of waiting for people to get sick. So instead of a year, we could know in as little as a month whether a vaccine seems effective. Instead of thousands of volunteers, a challenge trial relies on just 50 to 100. 02:05 Because we know