新高考英语语法三轮复习[68] 被动语态与主谓一致（含练习与答案）.pdfVIP

2021届衡水中学新高考英语 语法三轮复习讲义 [68] 被动语态与主谓一致 一、被动语态 ： （定义）被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关 系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态 ；当主语是谓语动作的承 受者，则为被动语态。 （构成）被动语态的构成由助动词 be +过去分词构成，时态通过 be 表现出来。 【复习】 ： 将一个主动语态的句子改成被动语态，通常有四步。 （略） 1.何时使用被动语态 1）.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时: ① Paper is madefromwood. ② Hewas wounded inthefight. 2）.需要强调动作的承受者时 ① Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. ② Hewas awardedfirst prize inthat contest. 3）. 为了使语气婉转,避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态, 或由于修 饰的需要,使用被动语态,使句子得以更好的安排。 ① The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. ② Electricity is usedto run machines. 2.被动语态的构成 1）. be +done 可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态 中,done 可以带 by 短语,而系表结构中done相当于adj.不带 by 短语。 ① The question is settled.(系表结构) ② Suchquestions aresettled by us.(被动语态) ③ The composition is wellwritten. (系表结构) ④ The composition is writtenwithgreat care. (被动语态) 2）.许多verbs (broken,interested,shut,worried), 既可以用做 adj., 也 可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词,句中如果有 by,通常是被动语态。 ① Iwas worried about youall night. (表状态) Iwas worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作) ② The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken.(表状态) 3.不同形式的被动语态 1）.含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构, 变为被动时可将其中一个 宾语变为主语, 另一个不动。一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。 ①Heshowed me his pictures. Iwas shown his pictures by him. His pictures wereshownto me by him. 2）.含有复合宾语的主动句, 宾补不变。 ①将宾语变为主语,宾补不变。 They call herXiao Li. She is calledXiao Li. 3) make, let, have, hear,watch,see, feel, notice 使役动词后做宾补的 定式一般不加to, 变为被动,必须加to。 My brotheroften made me dothis andthat when Iwas young. Iwas often madeto dothis andthat by my brotherwhen Iwas young. 4.情态动词的被动语态 由情态动词 +be +p.p.构成 They can not find him. He can not befound. 5.短语动词的被动语态 一般来讲, 只有及物动词才有被