《统计学基础（英文版·第7版）》课件les7e_ppt_ADA_0303.pptx

Elementary StatisticsChapter 3Seventh EditionProbabilityCopyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc.Chapter Outline3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting3.2 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule3.3 The Addition Rule3.4 Additional Topics in Probability and CountingSection 3.3The Addition RuleSection 3.3 ObjectivesHow to determine whether two events are mutually exclusiveHow to use the Addition Rule to find the probability of two eventsMutually Exclusive EventsMutually exclusiveTwo events A and B cannot occur at the same timeA and B have no outcomes in commonA and B are not mutually exclusiveA and B are mutually exclusiveExample: Recognizing Mutually Exclusive Events (1 of 3)Determine whether the events are mutually exclusive. Explain your reasoning.Event A: Roll a 3 on a die. Event B: Roll a 4 on a die.Solution:Mutually exclusive (The first event has one outcome, a 3. The second event also has one outcome, a 4. These outcomes cannot occur at the same time.)Example: Recognizing Mutually Exclusive Events (2 of 3)Determine whether the events are mutually exclusive. Explain your reasoning.Event A: Randomly select a male student.Event B: Randomly select a nursing major.Solution:Not mutually exclusive (The student can be a male nursing major.)Example: Recognizing Mutually Exclusive Events (3 of 3)Determine whether the events are mutually exclusive. Explain your reasoning.Event A: Randomly select a blood donor with type O blood.Event B: Randomly select a female blood donor.Solution:Not mutually exclusive (The donor can be a female with type O blood)The Addition RuleAddition rule for the probability of A or BThe probability that events A or B will occur is For mutually exclusive events A and B, the rule can be simplified to Can be extended to any number of mutually exclusive eventsExample: Using the Addition Rule to Find Probabilities (1 of 4)You select a card from a standard deck. Find the probability that the card is a 4 or an ace.Solution:Th