TheElectoralSystem英国与美国选举制度.pptVIP

Congressional elections Elections to Congress take place every two years. Congress has two chambers. Senate elections The Senate has 100 members, elected for a six year term in dual-seat constituencies (two from each state) with one-third being renewed every two years. Until the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, Senators were elected by state legislatures, not the electorate of states. Congress of US The Electoral System ------Britain and the United States Buckingham Palace Electoral system: UK In England, elections have been used as a parliamentary process since the 13th century. The secret ballot was adopted in 1872 and full equal voting rights won for women in 1928. All registered members of the public aged 18 and over may vote in parliamentary elections. The British House of Commons is elected for a maximum of five years; the prime minister can call a general election at any time. THE LISTING The calling of an election – the election writ By-elections Nomination of candidates Election campaigns and expenses Corrupt practices The parliamentary franchise The poll Disputed elections Effects of the first-past-the-post system Electoral behaviour in Britain The calling of an election – the election writ The royal proclamation announcing the dissolution of Parliament and the summoning of a new Parliament is the authorization for the writs for a general election. The decision to dissolve Parliament is made by the sovereign on the advice of the prime minister. Under the Parliament Act 1911 the maximum duration of a Parliament is five years. On average, since 1900 elections have been held between every three and four years. On two occasions in the 20th century two elections have been held in one year: in 1910 and 1974. By-elections A writ for a by-election is issued by the clerk of the Crown on receipt of the Speaker‘s warrant . A by-election must be held not less