高中英语真题-2015届高考英语二轮专题训练：阅读理解(25).pdfVIP

高中英语真题:2015 届高考英语二轮专题训练： 阅读理解（25 ） A Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule , protecting them from the body—and the body from them— until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger ( 引发) this release ， including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks— burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have design ed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrare d light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule. The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt ne w. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚 合 物) and other materials that begin to break down when they abs orb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外 线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visibl e light, which means the drug release can be triggered only nea r the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light large ly passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合 物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes. That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and h er colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a co ercially available NIRabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (ONB). When they cat ch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its brea kdown. But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be p oisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer. So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new materi al for capsules thats even better. This one consists of a long ch ain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cre sol contains reactive (易反应 的) components that make it highly un