研究生英语高级写作五课件.pptVIP

句子的一致、连贯和强调 ;句子的一致 (Sentence Unity); 2) 一致性是对句子结构的首要要求，全句使用的词语都要紧密地围绕一个中心思想，凡未达到这项要求的句子都应改写。例如对上面例子中那个学生的作文可作必要的增删： ; 此句的中心内容是讲停车场已经非常紧张，市府决定再次提高公共汽车费，势必使更多的人用私人汽车，从而加剧停车场紧张的局面。由于which引导的分句同本句中心内容无关，故应删去。 ; I worry about whether I will get a job, though  I’m convinced that new opportunities will open  up before the end of spring.; 句子的连贯 (Sentence Coherence) ;要形成有机的横向联系。“一致”和“一贯”。两者之间既有区别，又密切相关。例如：;影响句子连贯的若干因素1) 从语法方面看，经常会影响到句子连贯的因素有并列结构安排失当，代词所指对象不明确，垂悬修饰或修饰语错位，时态、人称、数或语气不一致，句子结构混乱或不完全，等等．例如： ; ．．．, but luckily enough, he didn’t get hurt. 又如: Every member of our research team worked conscientiously, thus producing one of the best projects Professor Ames has ever received. ;又如: When we began our composition course, there was little knowledge about the importance of strategy in the writing of a paper. Correctness in spelling, punctuation, and grammatical usage was what had been drilled into us; but the effects of interrelationships among speaker, audience, and occasion were foreign to us…;2) 从修辞角度看，词语选用不当，辞格应用不当，重复、省略等其他修辞手法运用不当，都会影响到句子的连贯 (同时也会损坏句子的—致)。例如：; 又如： The campaign was successful and costly， but the victory was sweet．;句子的强调 (Sentence Emphasis);使作者想着重表达的思想得到突出，做到次要内容服务于主要内容，有轻有重，层次分明。; 若把条件分句提前，或者在主句与从句之间加上破折号， 都可使原句的意思得到强调： If the plane came late she might never see him again． 或: She might never see him again--if the plane came late.;Try and revise the following, wherever you find necessary:1. For almost ten weeks in January, the coldest month in that area and much colder than many of their home towns, the POWs were kept in an unheated camp at night, the cold caused many deaths and diseases and in particular, the victims were women and children.2. Such plants to operate successfully had to run at capacity. As they wanted to do this, they needed outlets for their output.;For almost ten weeks in January, the coldest mouth in that area, the POWs