专题7.被动语态 知识梳理与精练.docxVIP

Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.成功是，你即使跨过一个又一个失败，但也没有失去热情。 被动语态 一、被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构为be动词加动词的过去分词,即“be+done”。在不同的时态中,be动词有不同的形式。 二、常用被动语态的情况 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用) 4.动作的发出者是物。 Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。 三．不同时态的被动语态 　　1.时态和语态的结合是河北中考的必考点,尤其是一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。 时态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 was/were+done The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall+be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 　　2.其他时态的被动语态 时态 被动语态 例句 现在完成时 have/has+been done The work has been finished by Jim. 过去完成时 had+been done The work had been finished by Jim by last week. 现在进行时 am/is/are+being done The flowers are being watered by her. 过去进行时 was/were+being done A letter was being written by her. 过去将来时 would/be going to+be done He said a kite would be made by him. 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 结构为“情态动词+be+done”。 Your homework must be finished today.你的作业今天必须完成。 四．被动语态的技巧指导 （1）根据选项定考点 单项填空对语态的考查均会结合时态，4个选项中一般包含两个主动语态，两个被动语态；而其对时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。因此，如果选项中出现被动语态，即可判断此题考查被动语态，由此便可排除非被动语态的选项。 （2）根据时态选答案 首先，考生需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断时态。 对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据上下文已经给出的时态、语境理解并结合常识进行判断。 如： —Tell me one thing you’re proud of in your junior high school, Tony. —I ___ as the captain of the school football team. A. choose B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosen 方法点拨 第1步：根据选项A、B为时态，C、D为被动语态可知本题考查被动语态，因此可排除A、B两项。第2步：再根据语境可知，Tony被选为校足球队队长是他初中生活中最值得骄傲的一件事情，说明这是已经发生过的事情，应该用一般过去时。故选D。 五．常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况 （1）主动语态中有些感官动词（如：hear, see, watch, notice等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原，即：hear(see) sb. do sth.→sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.。 We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening. →The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us. 晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。 （2）主动语态中有些使役动词（如：make, let等）后