材料工程基础课件：Chapter 2 Extraction and Refining of Metals 冶金.ppt

The slag from the blast furnace is tapped frequently or even continuously through the slag notch, and it flows through runners into slag ladles. The gas led off from the top of the blast furnace, although it is a lean fuel containing only about 30% CO, is useful for heating purposes. As it leaves the blast furnace, the gas contains a considerable amount of dust. It must be cleaned. Chemistry of Iron Making in the Blast Furnace 4.1? Combustion of the coke by the hot air blast The hot air blown through the tuyeres reacts with the coke to form CO, the overall reaction being 2C + O2 2CO Within the tuyeres zone CO2 is formed, but this reacts with coke outsides the tuyere zone to give CO C + O2 CO2 （ exothermic 1800oC） CO2 + C 2CO （ endothermic 1000oC） 4.2 Reduction of Iron Oxides a) Reduction by CO, i.e. indirect reduction, The reduction takes place in the furnace stack in stages: 3Fe2O3 + CO 2Fe3O4 + CO2 Fe3O4 + CO 3FeO+ CO2 FeO+ CO Fe + CO2 ?b)???? Direct reduction by carbon takes place further down the stack at temperatures above about 1000oC, and is typified by the equation FeO + C Fe + CO Reduction to iron is complete well above the bosh, i.e. before the iron is melted. This solid product is called sponge iron, and is fairly free from impurities, but as it descends in the furnace, it soon dissolves carbon and other elements, and decrease the melting point (1200oC). 4.3 Fluxing by limestone The constituents of the gangues from the ore, and the ash from the coke, are oxides with very high melting points (e.g. SiO2 and Al2O3) and these could not be melted separately at blast furnace temperature. Therefore limestone is added to the furnace charge to act as a flux. At about 600oC the limestone (CaCO3) is decomposed to CaO, which react with SiO2 and Al2O3 to become blast furnace slag including 35% SiO2, 40% CaO, 15% Al2O3, and 5% MgO. FeS (in iron) + CaO