心脏基础解剖.pptVIP

（四）左心室 窦部 主动脉前庭 左室条索 二尖瓣复合体 主动脉瓣（窦） 主动脉口 Viewed from above 左右心室横截面 心纤维性支架 右纤维三角 Todaro腱 左纤维三角 圆锥韧带 瓣膜间隔 纤维骨架 纤维骨架 分离心房和心室 为心脏瓣膜提供框架 心的瓣膜 左、右纤维三角 心间隔 房间隔 室间隔 肌部 膜部 房室隔 心脏瓣膜(房室瓣) 只允许血液从心房单向流向心室 三尖瓣连接 RA 和 RV 二尖瓣连接 LA和 LV 心室压力低于心房压力时，房室瓣开放 腱索与乳头肌 腱索 腱索连接房室瓣和乳头肌 乳头肌 发自心内膜,连接于腱索 作用 心室收缩迫使房室瓣关闭 乳头肌收缩引起腱索紧张 预防血液从动脉逆向回流至心室 二尖瓣 三尖瓣 主动脉瓣 心脏瓣膜（半月瓣） 肺动脉瓣：连接RV与PA 主动脉瓣：连接LV 与 AO Pulmonic Valve Aortic Valve 收缩期瓣膜 舒张期瓣膜 心脏heart位于胸腔的纵隔内，膈肌中心腱的上方，夹在两侧胸膜囊之间。 The heart is suspended within the thorax by arteries and veins. Two thirds of the heart is located to the left of the mid-sternal line while one third lies to the right of the sternum. The base is located at the 2nd-3rd intercostal space while the apex is located at the 5th intercostal space. The base is tilted backwards (posterior), while the apex is tilted forward (anterior). Due to forward tilt - PMI (point of maximal impulse) is located at the apex. “Right and left” references the patient’s right or left side. RA receives unoxygenated blood from the body through superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), and from the heart muscle through the coronary sinus (CS) LA receives oxygenated blood from the lungs though the pulmonary veins The triangle of Koch has become vitally important in performing transcatheter ablations. Koch’s triangle is defined posteriorly by the os of the coronary sinus. The apex of the triangle is defined anteriorly by the His bundle. The tendon of Todaro and the tricuspid valve annulus comprise the other two sides of the triangle. Fast pathway along Tendon of Todaro, Slow pathway along tricuspid valve annulus The pulmonary veins return the arterialized blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. They are four in number, two from each lung, and are destitute of valves. The commence in a capillary net-work upon the walls of the air sacs, where they are continuous with the capillary ramifications of the pulmonary artery, and, joining