Day 4-2021年中考英语考前抢分练之阅读填空专练（江苏南京专用）.docxVIP

Day 4 A Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, many people are wearing mask to reduce the risk of infections (感染). It’s a very simple but incredibly useful method to protect oneself from a variety of harmful things. In fact, masks have been helping mankind for centuries. 1st century In that era, many people in Roman Empire work underground in mines to support their families. But most of them suffered from and even died of respiratory (呼吸的) illness. To solve this problem. Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD) a Roman naturalist, recommended the use of animal skins to stop dust from being breathed. His ideas was considered the very first recorded mask inventions. 16th century Many centuries later, the artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) in Italy, suggested using a wet cloth over the face to protect against the poisonous chemicals. 19th century The design of the mask took a big forward in the 19th century. In 1848, American Lewis Hassley became the first person to patent (注册专利) a protective mask for miners. Masks at this stage were similar to gas mask Later. in 1897. Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von Mikulicz Radecki designed a simple mask with one layer of gauze (纱布), recommending medical workers to wear it to prevent infection. That was the first recorded use of masks for surgeons. 20th century In 1910, a terrible disease broke out in Northeast China Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed a cheap face mask called “Wu’s mask”. Made of two layers of surgical gauze, it could be fixed around the back of the head and tied in a knot. This mask was praised by experts around the world, as it was simple to make and had a low production cost. Modern exploration With several outbreaks of infectious diseases and the flu and the rise of pollution caused by industrial waste, the materials in masks have continued to evolve ( 进 化 ) to better protect its wearer. For example, in 2012 when China suffered from smog, mask models such as N95 and KN90, which can filter out