超声诊断学(第三版)：先天性心脏病的超声诊断.pptVIP

1、房间隔下部出现回声中断；多普勒超声 显示低位房间隔水平分流信号； 2、 伴或不伴二、三尖瓣前叶裂隙。常伴右心容量负荷过重表现。 1、 Echoic discontinuity in inferior atrial spetum and membranous ventricular septum , shunt flow can be visualized by Doppler ultrasound. 2、Common undivided atrioventricular valve with cleft。 3 、Volume overloading of left and right ventricular may usually present 。 1、房间隔下部和室间隔膜部出现回声中断；多普勒超声显示上述部位有穿隔分流信号 2、 二、三尖瓣成共同房室瓣，并出现裂隙。 3、常伴左、右心容量负荷过重表现。 Partial ECD ??Ostium secundum atrial septal defect. Complete ECD ??Single atrium, single ventricle 。 Differential Diagnosis 部分型心内膜垫缺损：主要与继发孔房缺鉴别。 完全型心内膜垫缺损：主要与单心房、单心室鉴别。 2D+CDFI ultrasound is the most valuable method 2D technique searches for abnormalities in the atrioventricular valves, such as presence of cleft, searches for chordal attachment, overriding, or straddling of the valves. The crux of the heart is carefully analyzed by sweeping the transducer anterior to posterior to record the outlet and inlet portions of the membranous septum. CDFI techniques determine the direction and degree of regurgitation present in the atrioventricular valves and the direction of shunt flow .They help to determine operation strategy and evaluate the operation effect. 二维超声结合彩色多普勒超声是目前确诊本病的主要方法，能提供心内分流及瓣膜返流的信息；并判别房、室间隔缺损的类型，为术式的选择提供重要依据，评价手术效果。 1.By compare-expression teaching, We require students grip hemodynamics, ultracardiogram , diagnostic criterion, differential diagnosis of PDA and ECD. 2. We require students grip valuation of each ultracardiographic method ,including two-dimensional-mode,motion-mode,color flow Doppler,spetral Dopple.and their findings of PDA and ECD. What is fetal circulation different from neonatal circulation? What transducer is the best to use for a fetal echocardiogram? What are the problems associated with a complete ECD? What is the difference between primum atrial septal defect and secondary atrial septum defect? 2.Mitral valve appears as invert “V” or “hanging bridge” when they open. 3.Stenosis of left ventricular outlet