生物化学下-代谢部分生物氧化.pptxVIP

生物氧化Biological Oxidation;生物氧化（Biological Oxidation）;生物氧化[Biological Oxidation];线粒体是生物氧化的场所;Albert Lehninger 1917-1986;线粒体的生物化学; The outer membrane is a relatively simple phospholipid bilayer, containing protein structures called porins[孔(道)蛋白] which render it permeable to molecules of about 10 kilodaltons or less (the size of the smallest proteins). Ions, nutrient molecules, ATP, ADP, etc. can pass through the outer membrane with ease. ; The inner membrane is freely permeable only to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water. Its structure is highly complex, including all of the complexes of the electron transport system, the ATP synthetase complex, and transport proteins. The wrinkles, or folds, are organized into lamillae (layers), called the cristae (脊，嵴). The cristae greatly increase the total surface area of the inner membrane. The larger surface area makes room for many more of the above-named structures than if the inner membrane were shaped like the outer membrane. ; The membranes create two compartments. The intermembrane space, as implied, is the region between the inner and outer membranes. It has an important role in the primary function of mitochondria, which is oxidative phosphorylation. ; The matrix contains the enzymes that are responsible for the citric acid cycle, ?-oxidation, AA oxidation and etc. The matrix also contains dissolved O2, H2O, CO2, the recyclable intermediates that serve as energy shuttles, and much more. Because of the folds of the cristae, no part of the matrix is far from the inner membrane. Therefore matrix components can quickly reach inner membrane complexes and transport proteins. ;生物氧化的特点;生物氧化的特点[cont.] ;反应条件 温 和 剧 烈 反应过程 逐步进行的酶促反应 一步完成 能量释放 逐步进行 瞬间释放 CO2生成方式 有机酸脱羧 碳和氧结合 H2O 需 要 不需要;脱羧 [Decarboxylation];直接脱羧基作用(Direct decarboxylation);氧化脱羧基作用(Oxidative decarboxylation);几个重要的CO2生成反应;氧化（Oxidation);脱氢酶(Deh