58559土木工程专业英语鲁正电子课件-普及版energy dissipation state of the art and practice.pptxVIP

English for Civil Engineering——Unit 13 Supplemental Energy Dissipation: State-of-the-art and State-of-the-practiceTeacher: Prof. Zheng Lu（School of Civil Engineering, TONGJI UNIVERSITY）E-mail:Unit 13 Supplemental Energy Dissipation: State-of-the-art and State-of-the-practice13.1 Introduction 综述减震构件的类型13.2 Basic Principles 公式原理13.3 Passive Energy Dissipation 被动系统Metallic dampersFriction damperVE dampersViscous fluid dampersTuned mass dampers Tuned liquid dampers13.4 Active, Hybrid and Semi-active Control Systems 主动、混合、半主动系统Hybrid mass damper systemsActive mass damper systemsSemi-active damper systemsSemi-active Controllable Fluid Dampers13.1 IntroductionIn recent years, innovative means of enhancing struc-tural functionality and safety against natural and man-made hazards have been in various stages of research and development. By and large, they can be grouped into three broad areas as shown in Table 13-1.1). base isolation;2). passive energy dissipation；3). active control.抵御自然和人为灾害?提高结构功能和安全性的方法：三大类innovative 创新，革新；stages 阶段；by and large 大体上，总的来说；13.1 IntroductionOf the three, base isolation can now be considered a more mature technology with wider applications as com-pared with the other two.Passive energy dissipation systems pass a range of materials and devices for enhancing damping, stiff-ness and strength, and can be used both for seismic haz-ard mitigation and for rehabilitation of aging or deficient structures. In general, such systems are characterized by their capability to enhance energy dissipation in the structural systems in which they are installed. These devices generally operate on principles such as frictional sliding, yielding of metals, phase transform-ation in metals, deformation of viscoelastic (VE) solids or fluids and fluid orificing.基础隔震?相对成熟和应用；被动控制?包括很多材料和设备（提高阻尼、刚度、强度）。同时用于减少地震灾害和修复年久破损结构。 pass ，围绕，包围； mitigation，缓解，减轻； rehabilitation，修复；dificient，有缺陷的； viscoelastic，粘弹性；orifice，孔口；on principles ，基于原理； phase transformation in metal