川大专业外语专外专业英语.pptxVIP

科技英语写作语法错误举例1???Subject-Verb AgreementsRestrictive and Nonrestrictive ClausesDangling Modifiers（垂悬修饰语）4Awkward Omissions of Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs（助动词） Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses当复合句的某一从句是限制性从句，则该从句对句子的含义是必须的，如无该从句句子便失去意义。最好以“that”（而非“which”）引出限制性从句。When a clause in a compound sentence is restrictive, the clause is necessary to the sense of the sentence, the sentence would e pointless without the clause. Restrictive clauses are best introduced by “that”, not “which”.?例46 It was necessary to fined a blocking group which would react with the amino group but not with the hydroxyl. → It was necessary to fined a blocking group that would react with the amino group but not with the hydroxyl.例47 The current-voltage curves, which are shown in Figure 6, clearly demonstrate the reversibility of all four processes.3?Dangling Modifiers （垂悬修饰语） 也称垂悬短语 (Dangling phrases)? One form of a dangling modifier is a verbal phrase that not refer clearly and logically to another word or phrase in the sentence.? The understood subject is usually the same as in the main clause. Walking across the field, we saw a plane fly past. (= As we were walking …, we saw …)? 与句子主语没有联系的短语修饰语，即动词短语的逻辑主语（隐含主语）与主句主语不一致。? 短语的隐含主语和主句中的主语应保持一致。悬垂修饰语或称悬垂短语（Dangling phrases）是指对句子中的另一词或短语关系不清晰并不合逻辑非谓语动词短语。人们所理解的这类短语的逻辑主语通常与主句的主语是一致的。 下面列举悬垂修饰语的几种情形： （1）If a modifier precedes the subject of a sentence, it must modify that subject and be separated from it by a comma. Otherwise, it is a dangling modifier. 如果一个修饰语是在句子的主语之前，它必须修饰那个主语，并以逗号分隔。否则就是悬垂修饰语 例 50 Splitting the atom, many new elements were discovered by Seaborg. 此句中的 splitting the atom 为现在分词短语，其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，故需改成 → Splitting the atom, Seaborg discovered many new elements. 或将 splitting the atom考虑为动名词短语在其前加 on 或 upon 变成介词短语： → Upon Splitting the atom, many new elements were discovered by Seaborg. → Upon Splitting the atom, Seaborg discovered many new elements. 例51 When confronted with these limitations, the exper