语言学基本入门介绍.pptVIP

关于语言学基本入门介绍;Difference with the Freshmen course;Possible difficulties ;Textbook;Teaching ;Learning ;Assessment（评价，评估） ;Chapter One Invitations（邀请） to Linguistics;1. Why Study Language?;myths（神话） or fundamental views? ;Children learn their native language swiftly, efficiently and without instruction. Language operates by rules. All languages have three major components: a sound system（语音系统）, a system of lexicogrammar（词汇语法系统） and a system of semantics（语义系统）. Everyone speaks a dialect. Language slowly changes.;Speakers of all languages employ a range of styles（语体） and a set of jargons（行话）. Languages are intimately related to the societies and individuals who use them. Writing is derivative（衍生） of speech.;Linguistics can be used as a way of finding out more about …;What the role of language is in different cultures (chapter 7: language, culture and society; Chapter 9: Language and Literature) Why people use different varieties of language (chapter 7 chapter 8: Language in use) Why there are linguistic differences between different groups (chapter 6-9) How scientists make the computer work in a more human-like order (Chapter 10: Language and computer). ;2. What is Language?;[2] (a) any means of expressing or communicating, as gestures, signs, or animal sounds; (b) a special set of symbols, letters, numerals, rules etc. used for the transmission （传递）of information, as in a computer;… Suffice(足够） it to say here that though we use the word in its various senses, we focus here on its primary sense: namely, [1] (a) (b) (c) (d). ;2. What is Language?;“Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols.” --Edward Sapir (1884-1939): Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech (1921);“A language is a system of arbitrary(随意的) vocal symbols by means of which a social group co-operates.” --Bernard Bloch (1907-1965) George Trager (1906-1992): Outline of Linguistic Analysis (1942) “A l