讲义地质学英语topic5.essentials of historical geology part ii.pptxVIP

Topic 5. Essentials of Historical Geology (Part II) Compiled by OU Qiang (Updated: 2013) Early Life Evolution Lab, China University of Geosciences (Beijing); ③ The Ordovician Period witnessed striking changes in the marine community, resulting in a drastic increase in the diversity of invertebrates (无脊椎动物), esp. corals (珊瑚), trilobites (三叶虫), brachiopods (腕足类), cephalopods (头足类), and graptolites (笔石), followed by a mass extinction (集群绝灭) at the end of the Ordovician. Bryozoans (苔藓动物) and tabulate and rugose corals (横板珊瑚和皱襞珊瑚) rose in Ordovician and acted as major reef builders. ;Reconstruction of a Middle Ordovician seafloor fauna. Cephalopods, crinoids, trilobites, brachiopods, and corals are exhibited.;Left: a view of Silurian seascape showing Pterygotus (翼肢鲎) and Halysites (链珊瑚); Right: Mixopterus (混足鲎) ;IV. What happened during the Early Paleozoic Era? ;Reconstruction of Early Devonian seedless vascular land plants which first evolved from the Late Silurian (or Mid-Ordovician?).;V. What happened during the Late Paleozoic Era? ;Formation of the supercontinent Pangaea at the end of the Paleozoic resulted from movement and collision of continents during the Era. ;V. What happened during the Late Paleozoic Era? ;A baby?tortoise?emerges from an amniotic egg. ;Reconstruction of a Devonian Seascape showing (a) an ostracoderm(甲胄鱼), (b) a placoderm(盾皮鱼), (c) an acanthodian (棘鱼), and (d) a ray-finned fish (辐鳍鱼).;;Reconstruction of a Carboniferous coal swamp, showing amphibians Eryops(曳螈) and Branchiosaurus(鳃龙), as well as lycophytes (石松), sphenophytes (节蕨) and cycads (苏铁).;Reconstruction of a Permian landscape, showing the primitive reptile Dimetrodon (异齿龙), amphibians Eryops(曳螈) and Diplocaulus (笠头螈). Exuberant gymnosperms such as coniferophytes (松柏) and cycads (苏铁) are also shown.;V. What happened during the Late Paleozoic Era? ;~ 445;V. What happened during the Late Paleozoic Era? ;VI. What happened during the Mesozoic Era? ;The breakup of the supercontin