细胞生物学课件：Chapter 8 Chloroplasts(叶绿体).pptVIP

* ◆Cytb6/f complex: Consisting of four polypeptides, cytb6 (563nm), cytf(553nm), FeS and a 17kD polypeptide of unknown function. Electron carriers ◆PQ , PC( a type of protein containing Cu) and Fd are small and mobile electron carriers. ◆NADP reductase: A kind of flavoprotein with FAD（黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸）prosthetic group can pick up or donate electrons or protons. -- NADP+ :是光合作用中的最后一个电子受体，是NAD+（烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸）的衍生物。NADP+接受两个电子成为还原型的NADPH。 ◆Both reactions of PSII and PSI are a relay(接力) process. ◆The photosynthetic electron transport chain is called “Z-shaped” chain because of a Z-shaped electron transport route. ? The photosynthetic electron transport 两个光系统的协调作用 Electron carriers are similar to that of respiratory chain. Difference between mitochondria and chloroplast electron-transfer chain: orientation, energy ③Photophosphorylation(光合磷酸化) 类囊体膜重建 ATP synthase： ?CF1-CFo-ATPase complex is distributed over the thylakoid membrane, and consists of CF1 and CF0. ◆ CF1 made of 5 kinds of polypeptides of α, β, γ, δ and ε. ◆CFo consists of at less three types of polypeptides. Chemiosmotic hypothesis(化学渗透学说) 线粒体 vs 叶绿体 Photophosphorylation (光合磷酸化) is that the synthesis of ATP is coupled with the electron transfer drived by light. Two types of photophosphorylation in plants and cyanobacteria(蓝藻) -- Noncyclic photophosphorylation(非循环式光合磷酸化) --Cyclic photophosphorylation(循环式光合磷酸化) ◆ Noncyclic photophosphorylation: H2Oe- PSII – cytb6/f--PSI -- NADP+. The path for electron transfer is an open route. Product: 1 molecule of ATP, 1 molecule of NADPH and O2 for every pair of electrons. 电子最终受体 ◆Cyclic photophosphorylation: PSI → the primary acceptor of PSI → Fd → cytb6-f complex → Pc→ PSI Product: only ATP. ---- The type of photophosphorylation accounts for about 10-20% of the total photophosphorylation. 2) Dark reaction ◆ Dark reaction: Chloroplasts harness NADPH and ATP produced by light reaction to reduce CO2 and produce glucose in the stroma. The i