《大学词汇学二章》.ppt

Methods of Word-formation Besides the loan of foreign words, the main method of enriching modern English vocabulary is to form new words by using existing words. The main methods of word-formation are: affixation词缀法、 compounding复合法、 conversion转换法 blending 拼缀法、 shortening 缩略法 back-formation逆生法 3.1. Affixation Affixation is also called derivation派生法，which forms new words by adding affixations to roots; The newly-formed word is called derivative. Affixation has 2 branches: prefixation and suffixation.;;b. prefixes of pejoration贬义 mis-, mal-, pseudo- misinform 告诉…错误的消息 maltreatment虐待 malfunction失灵 pseudoscience伪科学;c. prefixes of degree and size arch-, supper-, out-, sur-, sub-, over-, under-, hyper-, ultra-, mini-, minicab, arch-bishop大主教, suppermarket, outwit智胜, surcharge超载, substandard次标准的, oversimplify过于简化, underprivileged贫困的, hypersensitive过敏的, ultraconservative极保守的 ; ;g. prefixes of amount and number unicycle独轮车 monorail单轨 bilingual dimeter二音步 tricycle multi-national, polysyllabic多音节的 h. other prefixes autobiography, neo-classicism新古典主义 pan-American泛美的 vice-chairman proto-Germanic原日耳曼的 semihumorous ; In modern English, the most active prefixes are: de-, mini-, non-, anti-, un-, dis-, re-, de- : 否定、反、离开、除去、减少等 debureaucratize使非官僚化, depenalize取消对某人的处罚, deculturalization反传统文化, deblure使变清晰, debug拆除窃听器, devalue贬值 un-: 构成动词，逆动、使丧失、解开、由…取出 unbalance unbelt unbosom 吐露； 构成形容词 undecided uncommercial unclassified ;non-: 加在名词、形容词、副词前，“非、无、无价值的，反传统特征的”; nonastronaut nonfriend nonbook 无真实价值的书 nonaddict未上瘾的吸毒者 nonhero不按传统性主角品格塑造的主角 anti-: “反、抗”； anti-colonial， antibacterial， antiart， antinucleus， anti-entertainment ; mini-: minicar,