土壤卫生课件.pptVIP

Soil and Health 一、Hygiene significances and  characteristics of soil （一）Hygiene significances of soil the essence of life Relationship between soil characteristics and human life Impact of soil quality on humans survival and health Chemistry Zoology Micro- biology Agronomy Engin Arch- aeology Forestry Geography Geology Physics Climat- ology Relation of Soil Science to Other Sciences Relation of Soil Science to Other Sciences What is Soil? It is not Dirt What is Soil? — continued …unconsolidated surficial material Short-sighted Engineer, 1985 The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants. Sense the Soil – feel, smell, see, hear… —No ones definition is necessarily right or wrong. Agronomist Forester Horticulturalist Engineer Environmentalist What is Soil? — continued What is Soil? — continued Soil is a natural body consisting of horizontal layers of mineral and organic constituents of variable thicknesses which differ from the original material in their morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. At least some of these properties are due to soil-forming processes. What Does soil do? Healthy soil gives us clean air and water, bountiful crops and forests, productive rangeland, diverse wildlife, and beautiful landscapes. Soil components The Soil Ecosystem includes biotic and abiotic. Solid phase: minerals and weathered rock; fragments, organic matter; microorganism Liquid phase: water (rain、snow) Gas phase: gases CO2 (higher)、O2(lower) Soil components Figure 1 Most soils contain four basic components: mineral particles, water, air, and organic matter. Organic matter can be further sub-divided into humus, roots, and living organisms. The values given above are for an average soil. Soil Forming Factors Soils is var