数字信号处理-第五章--数字滤波器的基本结构.pptxVIP

第五章数字滤波器的基本结构;主要内容;　0、数字滤波器的概念 １)滤波器： 　　　　 指对输入信号起滤波作用的装置。 　　　　 ,对其进行傅氏变换得: ;π ;1、数字滤波器的表示：差分方程和系统函数;;; 几个基本概念： a）输入节点或源节点， 所处的节点； b）输出节点或阱节点 ， 所处的节点； c）分支节点，一个输入，一个或一个以上输 出的节点；将值分配到每一支路; d）相加器（节点)或和点，有两个或两个以 上输入的节点。 支路不标传输系数时，就认为其传输系数为1；任何一节点值等于所有输入支路的信号之和。 ;1;3、实现方式：软件与硬件 4、软件方式：通用计算机或专用计算机 5、典型结构—— 无限长单位冲激响应（IIR）滤波器 有限长单位冲激响应（FIR）滤波器;§5.2 IIR滤波器的基本结构;三、IIR滤波器四种结构;2、直接II型:典范型; 直接型的共同缺点：;Example - Consider the causal IIR transfer function The plot of the impulse response coefficients is shown on the next:; As can be seen from the above plot, the impulse response coefficient h[n] decays rapidly to zero value as n increases;The absolute summability condition of h[n] is satisfied. Hence, H(z) is a stable transfer function Now, consider the case when the transfer function coefficients are rounded to values with 2 digits after the decimal point:;A plot of the impulse response of is shown below ;In this case, the impulse response coefficient increases rapidly to a constant value as n increases Hence, the absolute summability condition of is violated Thus, is an unstable transfer function;3、级联型(Cascade Form); 再将共轭因子展开，构成实系数二阶因子， 则得：; 为了方便，分子取正号，分母取负号；这样，流图上 ;结构：将分解为一阶及二阶系统的串联，每级子系统都用典范型实现。;注意：*如果有奇数个实零点，则有一个;By expressing the numerator and the denominator polynomials of the transfer function as a product of polynomials of lower degree, a digital filter can be realized as a cascade of low-order filter sections Consider, for example, H(z) = P(z)/D(z) expressed as;Examples of cascade realizations obtained by different pole-zero pairings are shown below;Examples of cascade realizations obtained by different ordering of sections are shown below; based on pole-zero-pairings and ordering Due to finite wordlength effects, each such cascade realization behaves differently from others;4、并联型(Pa