大学英语专业语法表达未来虚拟语气expressing futurity subjunctive mood实用.pptx

大学英语专业语法表达未来虚拟语气Expressing futurity subjunctive mood实用会计学第1页/共31页Means of Expressing Future Time In its long history, English has not developed a special verb form that might be rightly labeled FUTURE TENSE corresponding to the time/tense parallel for present and past. However, when we say English has no future tense, we certainly do not mean that English cannot express future time. In stead, there are a number of constructions that can be used to denote futurity in English, (e.g. by means of modal auxiliaries, semi-auxiliaries, simple present and present progressive). The present lecture will be dealing with these future expressions. 第2页/共31页Are will/shall modal auxiliaries or future tense auxiliaries?Consider the following sentences, what meanings does will/shall convey in them?I shall be twenty on Friday.Where shall I meet you?I shall send my two boys to Harvard.We shall fight the enemy to the last drop of our blood.He will do it whatever you say.Every morning she will sit here reading newspaper.Who’s knocking? That’ll be John.Oil will float on water.(= Oil floats on water.)John will come tomorrow.future Volition/determination consultation determination Persistence Habit / daily routinespeculation Future/volition Objectivity第3页/共31页Are will/shall modal auxiliaries or future tense auxiliaries?Please don’t phone him. He will be having a meeting at the moment. The train will be arriving at two o’clock. He will have received my letter by now.You’ll have been wondering all this time how my invention works.Assumption about present happeningAssumption about past eventAssumption about present happeningAre will/shall modal auxiliaries or future tense auxiliaries?第4页/共31页As shown in the above-mentioned examples, will/shall are more often used as modal auxiliaries than as the so-called “future tense auxiliaries”. In addition to futurity, they express a variety of modal meanings. They may even express the speaker’s assumptions about a present happening or even a past ev