笔记肠道杆菌和弧菌.pptxVIP

会计学;i. Enteric Gram-Negative Rods (Enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌);The Enterobacteriaceae are a large heterogenous group of gram-negative rods whose natural habitat is the intestinal tract of humans and animals. The family includes about 29 genera, over 100 species:;Some of the enteric bacilli (e.g., Escherichia coli) are part of the normal flora and major causing agent of opportunistic infection. Salmonellae and Shigellae are pathogenic for humans.;General characteristics;General characteristics;lactose fermentation乳糖发酵;lactose fermentation;;General characteristics;General characteristics;Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌;Morphology and identification;Transmission is by fecal-oral route. Virulence factors include: Flagella: induce adhesion Cytotoxic enterotoxins: cause diarrhea (sometimes with blood) and tissue damage. Invasion factors: permit invasion of bacteria into mucosa.;PathogenesisInfections outside of intestines (caused by bacterial translocation 寄居部位改变) ;E.coli associated urinary tract infection;PathogenesisInfections inside of intestines: Gastroenteritis 肠胃炎, diarrhea 腹泻 caused by Pathogenic E.coli. ;Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)肠产毒型;Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)肠侵袭型;Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)肠致病型;EHEC produces exotoxin. The illness is characterized by serious abdominal pain 腹痛 and diarrhea which is initially watery but then becomes bloody. In children, the disease may be progressed to a systemic stage called as hemolytic uremic syndrome 溶血性尿毒综合征 (kidney injury) with 10% death rate.; It causes a persistent, mucus-watery diarrhea with vomiting and dehydration in infants. It produces enteroaggregative heat-stable toxin. It produces mucous associated autoagglutinin自体凝集素 which causes aggregation of the bacteria at the cell surface as well as formation of biofilm 生物膜. ;Sanitary 卫生的 significance;Shigella 志贺菌;Classification;Morphology and identification;;;Systemic toxic symptoms;;Salmonella 沙门菌属 ;Gram negative bacilli, with pili, no spore, no