词汇学期末考试重点整理.docxVIP

词汇学期末考试重点整理 第?单元 The features of dictionary Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDCE)朗?当代英语词典 1clear grammar codes2usage notes3language notes Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (CCELD) 科林斯合作英语词典 1Definition（定义）, the definitions in this dictionary are all in full sentences. 2Extra column（额外专栏）, the use of extra column to deal with grammar information. 3Usage examples（?法举例）, in this dictionary, almost every meaning of a word has an example to show its meaning and usage, most in sentence form. Chinese-English Dictionary(CED) 汉英词典 1A large number of newly created words 2Revised some old entries 3Keeps the previous alphabetical order of entries 4Boasts of the quality of the English equivalents it provides for its Chinese items 第九单元 What are the characteristics of Idioms? Semantic unity(语义的整体性)：being phrases or sentences, idioms each consists of mora than one word, but each is a semantic unity. 例?Bee in one’s bonnet 想???，know the ropes内? Structural stability(结构的稳定性): Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable. First, the constituents of idioms can not be replaced. Secondly, the word order can not be inverted or changed. Thirdly, the constituents of an idiom can not be deleted or added to, not even an article. Finally, many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.例?Diamond cut diamond,势均?敌，like cures like以毒攻毒 Use of idioms 1which are idioms 2understand them correctly in actual context 3use them properly in production 3?堆修辞Figures of speech 1Alliteration （押头韵）2Rhyme （押尾韵）3Reiteration (duplication of synonyms)同义词重叠4Repetition重复 5Juxtaposition (of antonyms)并列6Simile （明喻）7Metaphor 隐喻8 Metonymy转喻9Synecdoche提喻 10Personification拟?11Euphemism委婉 4 Variations of Idiom变形变体（Replacement替换Addition or deletion增减词Position shifting位置互换Shortening缩减Dismembering?解） 第?单元 1The role of context 1Elimination of ambiguity消除歧义polysemy 多义词 He is a hard businessman [he is a hardworking businessman or he is a hard businessman to deal with] John ran t