2023年高考英语语法不定式用法及考点.docxVIP

2023年高考英语语法不定式用法及考点 一、不定式一般式的三种用法 1、表示将来 即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。如: We decided to leave early. 我们决定早点动身。 I hope to finish reading the book tonight. 我希望今晚看完这本书。 I should like to give him a chance. 我愿意给他一个机会。 He asked me to buy him some paper. 他叫我给他买些纸。 We expect him to come in time. 我们希望他能及时来。 2、表示同时 表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作。如: He seems to be tired. 他似乎累了。 注:以下用作宾语补足语的不定式省略了to: Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的 ? Did you notice me pause? 你注没注意我停顿了一下? 3、表示过去 表示略先于谓语动作的动作。如: Im sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。(to hear 略先于am sorry) Helen was pleased to see him. 海伦见到他很高兴。 Im happy to meet you at last. 我很高兴我终于碰到了你。 Im glad to see you looking so happy. 我很高兴看到你显得这样快活。 二、不定式被动式的用法? 1、基本形式 不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done；若表示动作先于另一动作之前，则用完成式，即to have been done。 2、用法归纳 不定式被动式在句中可以用作： 1.?主语。如： It’s a great honour to be invited to the banquet.?承蒙邀请赴宴，甚是荣幸。 To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring.?被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。 It’s a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather.?好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。 2.?表语。如： All this is to be sold.?所有这些都是出售的。 Water must be pure if it is to be drunk.?水如供饮用必须净化。 The switchboard is to be manned at all times.?任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。 3.?宾语。如： She doesn’t want to be separated from him.?她不愿和他分开。 He begged? \o to be allowed?to return to Brazil.?他恳求允许他返回巴西。 I don’t wish to be disturbed in my work.?在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。 They demanded to be shown the authentic documents.?他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。 4.?定语。如： I made notes of the things to be mended.?我记下了需要修补的东西。 The Blacks are the first to be fired and the last to be hired.?黑人是最先被解雇，最后被雇用。 5.?状语。如： He asked to be kept informed about developments.?他要求随时向他报告发展情况。 As she waited to be served, she became very impatient.?她在等候侍者送饭时，很不耐烦。 She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday.?她到达那里，被告知他们度假去了。 6.?宾语补足语。如： He did not like his intention? \o to be laughed at.?他不喜欢自己的意图受到嘲笑。 He ordered the goods to be sent by air.??他命令把货物空运。7.?主语补足语。如： The court was ordered to be cleared.?有命令要关闭法庭。 The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.?不许将书携出室