代词作主语时的一致.docx

代词作主语时的一致 each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词，都作单数看待. Eachofushassomethingtosay. Somebodyisusingthephone. Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining. Haseitherofthemtoldyou? some,few,both,many等作复数 some可后接复数，也可接单数，表示某一. none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待，主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念，但none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数： Noneofthebooksareeasyenoughforus Noneofusseemtohavethoughtofit. None(=notasingleone)ofushasgotacamera. None(=nobody)hasfeltitmorekeenlythanshedid. Noneofthisworriesme. all和most可后接复数，也可接不可数名词(allofthe...,mostofthe…),动词用单数. 由and或both.and连接名词词组时，后用复数；由notonly.but(also),either.or,neither.nor或or连接的并列主语，谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致. Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwritinghasbeenchanged. Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome. EitheryouorMrYangistodothework. NeithermywifenorImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind. 如果一个句子是由there或here引导，而主语又不止一个，谓语通常也和最邻近的那 个主语一致. Therewascarvedintheboardadragonandaphoenix.Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou. people,police,cattle,poultry（家禽），militia（民兵）等通常都用作复数. Cattlearegrazingonthepasture. Thepolicearelookingforhim. 有些集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据意思来决定. Hisfamilyisn’tverylarge. Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers. Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.Thecommitteearedividedinopinion.Theaudiencewasenormous. Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.有些名词单复数同形，可根 据意思决定谓语动词的数： Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth. Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextmonth. Thisspeciesisnowextinct. Thesespeciesarenowextinct. 表示时间，重量，长度，价值等的名词，尽管仍是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词也可用单数形式（当然用复数动词也是可以的）： Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations. Onehundredliwascoveredinasinglenight时态 1）现在完成进行时态（have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成）：动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在,可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束. I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour. I’vebeensittinginthegarden. 2）过去完成进行时（由hadbeen+ing分词构成）：过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled. Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame. 3）将来完成进行时：将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears. Inanothermonth'stimeshe'llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears. 4）将来完成时（由shall/willhave+过去分词构成）